What are the application ranges of industrial electron microscopes?

Industrial microscopes, as the name suggests, are mainly used in industry, and industrial applications are mainly for observing materials. Most industrial materials are non-transparent, such as metals, composite materials, and electronic semiconductor devices. Biological microscopes are mainly used in the field of life sciences. They mainly observe cells, germs, tissues, etc., and most of them are transparent objects.
Unlike biological microscopes, industrial electron microscopes are mostly used to observe non-transparent samples, so reflected illumination is mainly used, and a reflective illuminator is mounted on the host body. Observation methods mainly include: bright field, dark field, differential interference, polarized light, fluorescence, etc.
What are the application ranges of industrial electron microscopes?
So, what are the application ranges of industrial electron microscopes?
1. Electronics industry: printed circuit and component installation, product quality control and screening, rework and soldering
2. Precision engineering, plastic industry: product quality control and screening micro-welding, micro-machining, injection casting
3. Medical and dental equipment manufacturing: finishing, installation, fine trimming, color matching, rework and maintenance
4. Biomedicine: sample preparation, sample dissection, microscopy operation, sample staining
5. Measuring system